Layer 1s have some common characteristics, such as:

• They are decentralized and distributed, meaning that no single entity controls or owns the network.
• They are immutable and transparent, meaning that the transactions are permanent and verifiable by anyone.
• They are secure and resilient, meaning that they can resist attacks and maintain functionality.

Layer 1s have some problems, such as:

• They are slow and expensive, meaning that they have limited scalability and high transaction fees.
• They are incompatible and isolated, meaning that they have difficulty communicating and interoperating with other blockchains.
• They are rigid and inflexible, meaning that they have difficulty adapting and innovating to meet the changing needs and demands of the users.

Layer 2s have some common characteristics, such as:

• They are fast and cheap, meaning that they can handle more transactions and lower fees than the layer 1s.
• They are compatible and interoperable, meaning that they can connect and exchange data with other blockchains and layer 2s.
• They are flexible and innovative, meaning that they can offer more features and functionalities than the layer 1s.

Layer 2s have some problems, such as:

• They are dependent and reliant, meaning that they need the layer 1s to secure and finalize the transactions.
• They are complex and risky, meaning that they may introduce new challenges and vulnerabilities to the system.
• They are fragmented and diverse, meaning that they may have different standards and protocols that may cause confusion and inconsistency.